‘Fake news’ and Graciano Lopez-Jaena

By Alex P. Vidal

 

“Fake news has emerged a new menace, whose purveyors proclaim themselves as journalists and taint this noble profession.”—Ram Nath Kovind

 

IF he were alive today, Graciano Lopez Jaena, who would have turned 164 on December 18, 2020, might resent the attitude of some politicians who call legitimate journalists and their scathing reports as “fake news” after being discombobulated by constructive criticisms.

The “fake news” expression was unheard-of during the Ilonggo writer’s salad days as a propagandist against the Spanish colonizers.

It was only when the media’s role to shape and influence the public opinion became supremely overwhelming in a pluralistic society more than a hundred years since Lopez-Jaena’s death that modern times politicians began to denigrate the mainstream media’s function in democratic states with gusto and spleen.

“Fake news” incidentally became a byword invoked by non-believers of facts shared in the social media and who treat stories penned by legitimate but aggressive journalists with utmost cynicism and revulsion.

The truth is no principled and credible journalist will ever write, much less imagine drafting a bogus or “fake news” in the context designed by enemies of free press and expression.

It was also probably a coincidence that the greatest Filipino journalist was an Ilonggo from Jaro, Iloilo City.

Many of Lopez Jaena’s fellow journalists were hailed as martyrs after being murdered in the line of duty more than a hundred years after he died of tuberculosis in a foreign land wallowing in poverty before his 40th birthday.

Born on December 18, 1856 and died on January 20, 1896, Lopez Jaena was not only an outstanding journalist but was also an orator at par with the country’s and even Asia’s best.

 

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As the first Ilustrado to arrive in Spain where he started the Propaganda Movement against our Spanish colonizers, Lopez Jaena became revolutionary when he formed a triumvirate with Dr. Jose Rizal and Marcel H. del Pilar.

But he became well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad.

Contemporary journalists in Iloilo today flood the Western Visayas community with newspapers and magazines.

Almost every freedom-loving and lover of letters and literature would want to become newspapermen or own and manage their own newspaper in the Ilonggo-speaking populace.

It runs in the Ilonggo blood after all.

Before he became an icon in the propaganda movement, Lopez Jaena was first sent by his parents to study at St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary in Jaro which had been opened under the administration of Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada.

In the seminary, he served as a secretary to Claudio Lopez, his uncle who was the honorary vice-consul of Portugal in Iloilo.

But he had ambitions to become a physician.

Lopez Jaena convinced his parents that he needed to enroll in a university in Manila.

He was denied admission at the University of Santo Tomas because he did not have a Bachelor of Arts degree when he was at the seminary in Jaro.

 

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Lopez Jaena was appointed to the San Juan de Dios Hospital as an apprentice. He eventually dropped out due to financial difficulties and returned to Iloilo.

His assimilation with the poor ignited his feelings about the injustices common in that era. Lopez Jaena’s potentials as a reformer and writer became apparent at the age of 18 when he wrote the satirical story “Fray Botod” which depicted a fat and lecherous priest. Lopez Jaena ribbed Fray Botod’s false piety which “always had the Virgin and God on his lips no matter how unjust and underhanded his acts were.”

The story was not published, but a copy circulated widely in Iloilo. The infuriated friars could not prove that Lopez Jaena was the author, thus he came off the hook, so to speak, temporarily.

The son of Jaro refused to testify that certain prisoners died of natural causes when it was obvious that they had died at the hands of the mayor of Pototan town, thus he was pilloried.

 

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He continued to agitate for justice.

When he received threats on his life, he sailed to Spain in 1879, where he pursued the Propaganda Movement.

In the land of our colonizers, Lopez Jaena became a leading writer, propagandist, and speaker for reform of the homeland.

He finally pursued his medical studies at the University of Valencia but did not finish, thus incurring the ire of Rizal.

Lopez Jaena defended why he did not finish his medical studies by saying, “On the shoulders of slaves should not rest a doctor’s cape.”

“The shoulders do not honor the doctor’s cape, but the doctor’s cape honors the shoulders,” Rizal intoned.

The national hero died of tuberculosis in poverty on January 20, 1896, 11 months short of his 40th birthday.

He was buried in an unmarked grave at the Cementerio del Sub-Oeste of Barcelona the following day.

Marcelo H. del Pilar’s death followed on July 4. Rizal was killed on December 30 by firing squad in Bagumbayan.

Their deaths ended the great triumvirate of Filipino propagandists, but their works contributed to the liberation of their compatriots from the Spanish colony.

Lopez Jaena’s remains have not been brought back to the Philippines.

 

(The author, who is now based in New York City, used to be the editor of two local dailies in Iloilo)